(To question the Guidelines/policy/formulated or adopted by WHO/ICNIRP/IEEE/FCC(US)/,and implemented by Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission(MSMC) on EMFs including Wi-Fi and WiMax)
On Mobile Masts
Six Studies Showing Ill-Health Effects From Mobile Phone Base Station Masts
Document produced by Dr Grahame Blackwell 21st Feb 2005
1. Study of the health of people living in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations.
Santini et al. Pathol Biol (Paris) [Pathologie Biologie (Paris)] 2002; 50: 369 – 73
Found significant health effects on people living within 300 metres of mobile phone base stations. Conclusions include the recommendation:
“… it is advisable that mobile phone base stations not be sited closer than 300 meters to populations”
2. “Effects of Global Communications System Radio-Frequency Fields On Well Being and Cognitive Function of Human Subjects With and Without Subjective Complaints” Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Study for the Netherlands Ministries of Economic Affairs, Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment,and Health, Welfare and Sport (September 2003)
Found significant effects on wellbeing, according to a number of internationally-recognised criteria (including headaches, muscle fatigue/pain, dizziness etc) from 3G mast emissions well below accepted ‘safety’ levels (less than 1/25,000th of ICNIRP guidelines).
Those who had previously been noted as ‘electrosensitive’ under a scheme in that country were shown to have more pronounced ill-effects, though others were also shown to experience significant effects.
3. THE MICROWAVE SYNDROME - FURTHER ASPECTS OF A SPANISH STUDY
Oberfeld Gerd(1), Navarro A. Enrique(3), Portoles Manuel(2), Maestu Ceferino(4), Gomez Perretta Claudio(2)
1) Public Health Department Salzburg, Austria
2) University Hospital La Fe. Valencia, Spain
3) Department of Applied Physics, University Valencia, Spain
4) Foundation European Bioelectromagnetism (FEB) Madrid, Spain
Presented at an International Conference in Kos (Greece), 2004
This study found significant ill-health effects in those living in the vicinity of two GSM mobile phone base stations. They observed that:
“The strongest five associations found are depressive tendency, fatigue, sleeping disorder, difficulty in concentration and cardiovascular problems.”
As their conclusion the research team wrote:
“Based on the data of this study the advice would be to strive for levels not higher than 0.02 V/m for the sum total, which is equal to a power density of 0.0001 #W/cni2 or 1 #W/m2, which is the indoor exposure value for GSM base stations proposed on empirical evidence by the Public Health Office of the Government of Salzburg in 2002.”
4. INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CANCER NEAR A CELL-PHONE TRANSMITTER STATION.Ronni Wolf MD(1), Danny Wolf MD(2)
1. The Dermatology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rechovot, and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, ISRAEL.
2. The Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Hasharon Region, Kupat Holim, ISRAEL.
Published in International Journal of Cancer Prevention Volume 1, No. 2, April 2004
This study, based on medical records of people living within 350 metres of a long-established phone mast, showed a fourfold increased incidence of cancer
generally compared with the general population of Israel, and a tenfold increase specifically among women, compared with the surrounding locality further from the mast.
5. Naila Study, Germany (November 2004)
Report by researchers (five medical doctors)
Following the call by Wolfram Konig, President of the Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (Federal Agency for radiation protection), to all doctors of medicine to collaborate actively in the assessment of the risk posed by cellular radiation, the aim of our study was to examine whether people living close to cellular transmitter antennas were exposed to a heightened risk of taking ill with malignant tumors.
The basis of the data used for the survey were PC fi1es of the case histories of patients between the years 1994 and 2004. While adhering to data protection, the personal data of almost 1.000 patients were evaluated for this study, which was completed without any external financial support. It is intended to continue the project in the form of a register.
The result of the study shows that the proportion of newly developing cancer cases was significantly higher among those patients who had lived during the past ten years at a distance of up to 400 metres from the cellular transmitter site, which bas been in operation since 1993, compared to those patients living further away, and that the patients fell ill on average 8 years earlier.
In the years 1999-2004, i.e. after five years’ operation of the transmitting installation, the relative risk of getting cancer had trebled for the residents of the area in the proximity of the installation compared to the inhabitants of Naila outside the area.
6. Austrian Study Press Release 1st May 2005
The radiation of a cell phone base station at a distance of 80 metres causes significant changes of the electrical currents in the brains of testees (measured by electroencephalogram, EEG). All the testees said they felt unwell during the radiation, some of them seriously.
That is the result of an investigation by a team of Austrian scientists. They measured alpha 1 (8 to 10 Hz), alpha 2 (10 to 12 Hz) and beta waves (13 to 20 Hz). A small density of GSM 900 and GSM 1800 radiation already caused several significantchanges in these three frequency ranges. This means the body is stressed - temporarily this may have some positive effect, in the long run however stress certainly reduces the quality of life, capacity for work and state of health.
The results of the research will be published in international scientific magazines and confirmed by replication. The research was financed by Land Salzburg in Austria. The testees were nine women and three men between 20 and 78, who considered themselves 'electrosensitive'. They were invited to sit in a chair, eyes covered and ears plugged. Of course they were not aware of the sequence of the tests.
The side of the room directed at the cell phone base station was shielded against radiation, except for a small part which could be (un)shielded easily. In the first phase, the radiation density near the head was 26 mikroWatt/m2, in the second phase 3327 mikroWatt/m2 and in the third phase 26 mikroWatt/m2 again. Several other environmental parameters were measured to be sure they could not influence the results, such as radiation by television and FM-radio, noise, CO2, temperature, relative humidity, low frequency magnetic fields and soherics (electrical discharges in the atmosphere, possibly causing radiation).
During the second phase the parameters of all the brainwaves, measured by EEG, changed significantly. Afterwards the testees were asked to describe their experiences. All of them felt unwell during the second phase. They reported symptoms like buzzing in the head, palpitations of the heart, unwellness, lightheadedness, anxiety, breathlessness, respiratory problems, nervousness, agitation, headache, tinnitus, heat sensation and depression.
According to the scientists, this is the first worldwide proof of significant changes of the electrical currents in the brain by a cell phone base station at a distance of 80 metres.
It has been scientifically established before that the radiation of cell phone base stations leads to unwellness and health complaints.
NOTE: These are the only studies known of that specifically consider the effects of masts on people. All six of these studies show clear and significant ill-health effects. There are no known studies relating to health effects of masts that do not show such ill-health effects.
In this respect, any statement by industry or official sources that claims (or suggests) that:
(a) There is no evidence of ill-health effects from masts; or
(b) The overwhelming evidence is that masts do not cause ill-health effects;
is completely and blatantly untrue.
Dr Grahame Blackwell - Adviser to several European countries
After all this on dangers from the bioeffects on humans from EMFs let us take a completely new perspective.
Reflex Project
Title of the project: Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods
Acronym of the project: REFLEX
List of participants Provide all partners’ details including their legal status in the contract i.e., contractor, assistant contractor (to which contractor?)
1. Prof. Dr. Franz Adlkofer, VERUM - Stiftung für Verhalten und Umwelt, Pettenkoferstrasse 33, D-80336 München, Germany,
Tel: +49 89 5309880 / Fax: +49 89 53098829 / E-mail: prof.adlkofer@verum-foundation.de (contractor)
2. Prof. Dr. Rudolf Tauber, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universit?tsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30,
D-12200 Berlin, Germany, Tel: +49 30 84452555 / Fax: +49 30 84554152 / E-mail: Tauber@ukbf.fu-berlin.de (contractor)
3. Prof. Dr. Hugo W. Rüdiger, Abteilung für Arbeitsmedizin, Universit?tsklinik für Innere Medizin IV, W?hringer Gürtel 18-20,
A-1090 Wien, Austria, Tel: +43 1 404004701 / Fax: +43 1 4088011 / E-mail: hugo.ruediger@akh-wien.ac.at (contractor)
4. Dr. Anna M. Wobus, Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06446 Gatersleben,
Germany, Tel: +49 39482 5256 / Fax: +49 39482 5481 / E-mail: wobusam@ipk-gatersleben.de (contractor)
5. Dr. Angeles Trillo, Insalud, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Carretera Colmenar km.9, E-28034 Madrid, Spain,
Tel: +34 91 3368699 / Fax: +34 91 3368171 / E-mail: angeles.trillo@hrc.es (contractor)
6. Prof. Dr. Dariusz Leszczynski, Radiobiology, STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, FIN-0881 Helsinki,
Finland, Tel: +358 9 75988694 / Fax: +358 9 75988556 / E-mail: dariusz.leszczynski@stuk.fi (contractor)
7. Prof. Dr. Hans-Albert Kolb, Institut für Biophysik, Universit?t Hannover, Herrenh?user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany,
Tel: +49 511 7622612 / Fax: +49 511 7623830 / E-mail: kolb@mbox.biophysik.uni-hannover.de (contractor)
8. Prof. Dr. Ferdinando Bersani, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
Tel: +39 (0)51 2095122 / Fax: +39 (0)51 2095050 / E-mail: bersani@gpxbof.df.unibo.it (contractor)
9. Dr. Isabelle Lagroye, Laboratoire PIOM, ENSCPB, 16 Av. Pey Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France,
Tel: +33 (0)5 40002821 / Fax: +33-(0)5 40006631 / E-mail: i.lagroye@enscpb.fr (contractor)
10. Prof. Dr. Niels Kuster, Institut für Integrierte Systeme, ETH Zentrum, Gloriastrasse 37/39, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Tel: +41 1 632 2737 / Fax: +41 1 632 1057 / E-mail: niels.kuster@ifh.ee.ethz.ch (contractor)
11. Prof. Dr. Francesco Clementi, Cattedra di Farmacologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
Tel: +39 (0)2 50316962 / Fax: +39 (0)2 7490574 / E-mail: f.clementi@in.cnr.it (contractor)
12. Dr. Christian Maercker, Ressourcenzentrum für Genomforschung GmbH (RZPD), TP3 EG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580,
D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tel: +49 6221 424741 / Fax: +49 6221 424704 / E-mail: c.maercker@dkfz.de
Results and Milestones: The strengths of REFLEX are based firstly on the adoption of a common technological platform for ELF-EMF and RF-EMF exposures that allow the replication of positive findings between the collaborating partners. Secondly, on the adoption of the post-genomic technologies (DNA micro-arrays and proteomics) that enables very large numbers of potential cellular effects to be examined simultaneously without prejudice as to mechanisms. The data obtained in the course of the REFLEX project showed that ELF-EMF had genotoxic effects on primary cell cultures of human fibroblasts and on other cell lines. These results were obtained in two laboratories and confirmed in two additional laboratories outside the
REFLEX project, while no such effects could be observed in a further laboratory. ELF-EMF generated DNA strand breaks at a significant level at a flux density as low as 35 ?T. There was a strong positive correlation between both the intensity and duration of exposure to ELF-EMF and the increase in single and double strand DNA breaks and micronuclei frequencies. Surprisingly this genotoxic effect was only observed when cells were exposed to intermittent ELF-EMF, but not to continuous exposure. Responsiveness of fibroblast to ELF-EMF increased with the age of the donor and in the presence of specific genetic repair defects. The effect
also differed among the other types of cells examined. In particular, lymphocytes from adult donors were not responsive. Chromosomal aberrations were also observed after ELF-EMF exposure of human fibroblasts. The following observations were made in different REFLEX laboratories: 1) ELF-EMF at a flux density of about 2 mT upregulated the expression of early genes, such as p21, c-jun and egr-1, in p53-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells, but not in healthy wildtype cells; 2) ELF-EMF (0.1 mT) increased the proliferation rate of neuroblastoma cells; and 3) ELF-EMF (0.8 mT) enhanced the differentiation of mouse stem cells into cardiomyocytes. However, no clear-cut and unequivocal effects of ELF-EMF on DNA synthesis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis were found. With respect to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), data showed that RF-EMF produced genotoxic effects in fibroblasts, granulosa cells and HL60 cells. Cells responded to RF-EMF exposure between SAR level 0.3 and 2 W/kg with a significant increase in single and double strand DNA breaks and in micronuclei frequency. Chromosomal aberrations in fibroblasts were observed after RF-EMF exposure. RF-EMF at a SAR of 1.5 W/kg downregulated the expression of neuronal genes in neuronal precursor cells and upregulated the expression of early genes in p53-deficient embryonic stem cells, but not in wildtype cells. Proteomic analyses on human endothelial cell lines showed that exposure to RF-EMF changed the expression and phosphorylation of numerous, largely unidentified proteins. Among these proteins is the heat shock protein hsp27, a marker for cellular stress responses. There was no evidence that RF-EMF affected processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis or immune cell functionality. For both ELF-EMF and RF-EMF, the results of the whole genome cDNA micro-array and proteomic analyses indicated that EMF may activate several groups of genes that play a role in cell division, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. At present the biological relevance of these findings can not be assessed.
Renowned biophysicist and electromagnetic radiation researcher Professor Neil Cherry points to dozens of epidemiological studies showing that chronic low level exposure to pulsed radio frequency/microwave radiation produces increased cancer risk.”
The Barnett Study commissioned by the Australian government found that low power pulsed microwaves interfere with central nervous system, impair memory function, and result in damage to the eyes.
The 1994 “Barnett Report” prepared by Dr. Stan Barnett for the Australian government found that the speediest pathway for cancer promoters to spark cell proliferation occurs when electromagnetic radiation interference with normal cellular control.
A decade ago, the Barnett Report in Australia found that fetuses are affected more than their mothers, who should stay away from cell phones and cell phone towers.
In the early 1970s, Australian scientist Dr. Ross Adey traced calcium processes in cells to measure the effects of EMR exposure. Hired by the cell phone industry to defend their products, this leading corporate researcher found that cell phone effects are frequency-dependent.
After 40 years spent looking at how cells communicate with each other using calcium ion flows and tiny electrical impulses, Adey has become a fierce advocate of much lower cell phone radiation standards. Motorola withdrew its funding from Adey, whose laboratory at Loma Linda, California quickly collapsed as a result.
Exposure to pulsed Radio Frequencies produce double strand breaks that are known to lead to cell death. NP Singh and biomedical scientist Dr. Henry Lai at the University of Washington reported finding DNA strand breaks at levels one-fifth of American “safety” limits.
Lai and Singh raised alarms when they repeatedly found double-strand breakages in DNA in live rat brains after just two hours' low-level exposure to both pulsed and older analogue cell phones.
Double-strand breaks, which break both sides of the twisted double-helix ladder in DNA, create serious genetic alterations and can lead to cancer, cell death or mutagenic problems. Brains show fewer DNA breaks during cell phone exposure than brain cells checked four hours after exposure.
Lai and Singh of the U. of Washington found that melatonin supplements capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and neutralizing free radicals can counter the effects of cell phone pollution that destroy melatonin-causing the insomnia encountered by many habitual cell phone users.
Swedish neurosurgeon Leif Salford, Dr. James Lin and other researchers have independently confirmed that after two minutes of cell phone exposures, the blood-brain barrier fails, allowing proteins to enter the brain. Once they stray into the brain, proteins that normally behave themselves in the blood could trigger autoimmune diseases such as Fibromyalgia and Multiple Sclerosis.
Dr. John Holt reports that once cell damage from cell phones occurs, the damage is irrecoverable and inherited unchanged, from generation to generation.
Even if we close our eyes to cell phone dangers, the watery layer around the iris and retina absorbs cell phone radiation with every call-increasing the chances of contracting eye cancer. CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) found that the lens of the eye is acutely sensitive to RF radiation because of its lack of a blood supply and hence limited heat-dissipating capability.
Dr. John Moulder reports from the Medical College of Wisconsin that besides cataracts, reduced sperm counts are well-documented acute exposure hazards.
John Holt believes that the disappearance of frogs in remote rainforests where pesticides are never used is being caused by planet-wide “radio wave pollution” interfering with electrically conductive, fertilized eggs spawned on the surface of ponds.
Since 1996, Professor John Holt has looked at cell phones as a possible cancer culprit. Holt warns that cellular phones permanently damage human cells: “Once the damage is created, the damage is irrecoverable-and inherited unchanged, from generation to generation.”
MD Gerald Hyland is a mobile phone adviser to the British government. He points to a Swedish study that found children's brains are affected for long periods even after very short-term use. This could affect their mood and ability to learn in the classroom if they have been using a phone during break time, for example.
Dr. Michael Klieeisen conducted a famous Spanish study. He says they never expected to see continuing activity in the brain - after turning cell phones off. He worries that immunity to infection and disease could be altered by interference with chemical balances in the brain. Flus and asthma…
After the city of Sydney, Australian city went broadband “wireless”-a 25% increase in asthma led researcher Peter Franch to find the production of bronchial spasm-causing histamine to nearly double after exposure to cellular phone frequencies. This disruptive histamine production persists after the phone is shut off.
Franch also found that cellular phone frequencies inhibit our body's cellular response to anti-asthmatic drugs.
Sudden spikes in death rates in cities like Sydney Australia that that have “gone wireless” indicate big trouble ahead. Peter Franch attributes a 5% increase in death rates in that Australian city to the mass introduction of wireless relay towers.
Studies conducted in Sydney, Honolulu and twice in the UK all showed significantly higher leukemia rates in people living around transmission towers. The Sydney study found childhood leukemia at more than twice the expected rate.
Dr. David Carpenter, Dean at the School of Public Health in New York believes that 30% of all childhood cancers are associated with EMF exposure.
Neil Cherry in Christ Church, New Zealand considers the proliferation of cell phones, microwave towers and microwave pollution to be serious contributors to cancer, brain tumors and increasing neurological problems among the human population.
Neurosurgeon Leif Salford says that cell phone users already headed for Alzheimer's or dementia in old age will get these conditions much earlier, while those who would have escaped both maladies are at greater risk of succumbing to them.
Salford's best scenarios show both risk groups having a “significantly diminished” number of working brain cells throughout their lives if they habitually use cell phones or live in the electrosmog produced by microwave transmitting antennas.
Salford and his colleagues at Sweden's prestigious Lund University have published “before and after” images showing a clear link between radiation emitted by mobile phones and brain damage.
Salford adds, “If this effect is transferred to young humans the effects can be terrifying.”
1993 the wireless industry association hired epidemiologist Dr. George Carlo to manage a six-year, $28 million research program looking into cell phone safety. When Dr. Carlo identified and confirmed genetic damage from wireless phone radiation, he did something completely unanticipated by his employers. He told the truth.
Carlo's research concluded cell phone users were twice as likely to suffer from brain cancer and rare tumors than non-users.
He spelled out his findings and concerns to the Chief Executive Officer AT&T Oct 7, 1999. His letter is in my report.
Carlo said severe cell phone risks use appeared to follow a dose-response curve - and the risk of contracting certain tumors more than doubled.
“Alarmingly…the industry has ignored the scientific findings suggesting potential health effects - they have repeatedly and falsely claimed that wireless phones are safe for all consumers including children. I am asking you to help us do the right thing”-in distributing the summary findings. -George L. Carlo PhD.
Another team of Aussie scientists funded by the communications giant Telstra exposed a group of mice to a digitally pulsed cell phone transmitting for two 30-minute periods each day - and also found a doubling of cancer rates. Most mobile phones zap between 10 and 30 times more radiation into the user's head than those Aussie mice were exposed to.
Telstra's favorite scientist Dr. Michael Repacholi had previously promoted the safety of cell phones in court cases against base-stations and towers. But Repacholi reversed his polarity in 1999, warning that low levels of non-ionizing radiation can create changes in animal tissue.
Dr. Stephen Cleary World Health Organization researcher made his mark by finding that human brain cells show altered DNA after a single exposure to microwaves-and that such damage is probably cumulative. Cleary is also retiring from further cell phone research due to lack of funding, after being cut off by the cell phone industry's wireless research arm, and by Motorola-the biggest corporation giving grants to compliant scientists.
Dr. Jerry Phillips worked with Ross Adey. He, too, found his funding withdrawn after he published a paper revealing DNA damage at a SAR 0.0024 (1998. Replicated.) Jerry Phillips has now largely withdrawn from further research.
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